Evaluating a Covid-19 Vaccine Centre in the UK Using a DES Model

Efficient management of a Covid-19 vaccine centre (VC) is necessary for proper-functioning of a mass vaccination programme. This study reports on an evaluation of the operational performance of a VC. There are two key considerations: the VC capacity (patients per hour) and the patient flow-time (total time patients spent in the centre). In this paper, Witness Horizon a simulation model tool that can be used to enhance the effectiveness of vaccination facilities is introduced. The model is developed using discrete event simulation. The model utilises animation whilst dynamically displaying key performance indicators. The uniqueness of this approach is the ability to simulate and analyse VC scenarios stochastically by varying hourly arrivals, walk-ins to drive-in ratios, staffing levels, registration, immunization, and observation capacities. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd.

Using DES to Improve the Efficiency of a Covid-19 Vaccination Centre

Many research and development teams around the world have developed and continue to improve Covid-19 vaccines. As vaccines are produced, preparedness and planning for mass vaccination and immunization has become an important aspect of the pandemic management. Mass vaccination has been used by public health agencies in the past and is a viable option for Covid-19 immunization. To be able to rapidly and safely immunize a large number of people against Covid-19, mass vaccination centres are accessible in the UK. Careful planning of these centres is a difficult and important job. Two key considerations are the capacity of each centre (measured as the number of patients served per hour) and the time (in minutes) spent by patients in the centre. This paper discusses a simulation study done to support this planning effort. In this paper, we explore the operations of a vaccination centre and use a simulation tool to enhance patient flow. The discrete event simulation (DES) tool outputs visually and numerically show the average and maximum patient flow times and the number of people that can be served (throughput values) under different number of patient arrivals (hourly). With some experimentation, the results show that marginally reducing the hourly arrival rate, patient congestion reduces enabling good patient service levels to be achieved. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Covid-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: Frequency and causes among Population of Lahore

Background: Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy is prime hurdle in control and eradication of Covid-19 pandemic. The rapid Procedure of development of new vaccines resulted in a lot of false information and rumors leading to decrease trust of the public in the safetyand effectiveness of the vaccine. Aim(s): To study the frequency and causes of Covid-19 vaccine hesitancy amid population of Lahore. Method(s): This cross sectional study design was done on a sample of 385 participants from lahore were included in the study. Frequency and causes were recorded on the prescribed questionnaire. Result(s): Frequency of hesitancy was found to be 41.7%. 12.8% had doubts related to efficacy and safety of the vaccine. 9.9% were of the view that the risks of the vaccine are greater than its benefits. 5.7% assumed that vaccines were promoted for gains of pharmaceutical companies. 4.4% were concerned about the immediate side effects of the vaccine. 2.6% responded by saying that vaccine was not recommended by health professionals. 2.3% had myths related to vaccine. And lastly, 1.63% said vaccine was not available free of cost. Conclusion(s): Hesitancy of covid-19 vaccine is seen more in illiterate people and the main cause of hesitancy is uncertainty related to protection and efficacy of covid-19 vaccine.Copyright © 2023 Lahore Medical And Dental College. All rights reserved.

Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Traffic Volume and Air Quality in Urban Areas

The large transmission of COVID-19 has resulted in a deep impact on the surrounding urban environments, especially on air quality and traffic flows. The objective of this study was to analyze air pollutant concentrations (PM10, SO2, NO2, CO, and O-3) and traffic volumes at five congested districts (Bundaran HI, Kelapa Gading, Jagakarsa, Lubang Buaya, and Kebon Jeruk) within Jakarta city impacted by the large-scale social restriction (LSSR) policy. Air quality data during three periods;before, during, and after the LSSR at five observed districts was obtained from the Department of Environment of Jakarta using the Air Quality Monitoring (AQMS) tool. While vehicle speed data were obtained from the waze data during the study period. In this study, air pollutant data during three periods;before, during, and after the LSSR were compared with vehicle speed and meteorological data using a statistical analysis. Results revealed the mean traffic volume at all five districts has greatly reduced by 19% from before to during the LSSR period. It was consistent with the mean PM10, NO2, CO, and SO2 concentrations which also dropped about 46%, 45%, 30%, and 23% respectively. In contrast, the concentrations of air pollutants significantly increased after the LSSR period. During the LSSR period, the traffic volume was negatively associated with the O-3 concentration (r = -.86, p < .01), it was different with before the LSSR periods where the traffic volume associated with CO (r = .88, p < .01) and NO2 (r = .89, p < .01). The broad analysis of changes in air pollutants and traffic volumes can be used by the authorities to arrange a good air quality management and an effective way for current and future scenarios.

Sars-Cov-2 Specific Antibody Detection in Health Care Workers in Tertiary Care Hospital

Objective: To estimate the sero-positivity of SARS-CoV-2 in health care workers based on specific antibodies in a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Comparative cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Kohat Pakistan, Jun to Jul 2020. Methodology: 292 Health Care Workers from different departments were included by non-probability consecutive sampling. They were divided into three groups (High risk, Intermediate risk and low risk) according to the exposure risk to COVID-19 patients. In addition, serum samples for SARS-CoV-2 specific quantitative antibodies were collected. The odds ratio for SARS-CoV-2 Ab risk was calculated for different risk groups and male and female health care workers. Result: Out of 292 Health Care Workers, 243 (83.22) were male, and 49 (16.78) were female, with a mean age of 34.64±7.25 years. SARS-CoV-2 specific Ab was detected in 43 (14.72) individuals. The risk of sero-positivity was higher in the high-risk group than the intermediate-risk group (Odds ratio 1.171 vs 0.878) and higher in the intermediate-risk group than the low-risk group (odds ratio 1.120 vs 0.747). The risk was also higher in females than in males (Odds ratio 1.676 vs 0.878). Conclusion: The sero-positivity of SARS-CoV-2 in healthcare workers in tertiary care hospitals is high. The results indicate that we must improve our local hygiene and protective standards. © 2022, Army Medical College. All rights reserved.

Determinants of COVID-19 Prevention Equipment Readiness in Families during Pandemic in Indonesia

Indonesia was the country with the second-highest case of COVID-19 in the South East Asia Region (SEAR) of the World Health Organization (WHO) data until August 1, 2021. As an infectious disease, the high level of COVID-19 rate transmission requires everyone always to prepare a prevention tools kit to minimize the risk of coronavirus exposure. This study aimed to analyze the determinant factors of readiness of the COVID-19 prevention tools kit. This study used a cross-sectional design with a mix-method technique because data collection and analysis combine quantitative and qualitative approaches in several phases of the research process. Data collected from 18 representative provinces in Indonesia with a total of respondents involved were 2,196 people. The Binary Logistic Regression tests were used to analyze the variable correlation. The multivariable analytic showed that the determinant factors with a significant correlation which affected the readiness of COVID-19 prevention tools kit in each family during pandemic in Indonesia were age 37-46 years old (p=0.000;odds ratio=8.039), female gender (p=0.000;odds ratio=8.653), self-employed jobs (p=0.028;odds ratio=2.239), income > 5 million per month (p=0.000;odds ratio=7.267), good knowledge (p=0.000;odds ratio=3.311), and good perception (p=0.001;odds ratio=2.015). The supply of tools and medicines to prevent COVID-19 is indispensable during the pandemic to protect against COVID-19 infection. Masks and hand sanitizers become the main kits most individuals have, especially when doing outside home activities. At the same time, the oximeter becomes the least kit in the family. This preparation also teaches citizens to practice a healthy lifestyle. Cross-sector coordination is needed to improve public awareness of COVID-19 prevention equipment. © 2022 Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. All rights reserved.

THE ALPHA COLLABORATION FOR RANDOMISED MEGA-STUDIES TO IMPROVE MORTALITY AND DISABILITY

Background: COVID-19 trials took <1 year to identify therapies reducing death in >30,000 patients but the Australian Placental Transfusion Study took >12 years to show that delaying cord clamping reduced death or major disability (cerebral palsy, severe visual loss, deafness, or cognitive delay) in 1,531 preterm infants. What can this teach us? Further, as composite outcomes of death or major disability can be inconclusive if each is unequally affected (as in the NeOProM Collaboration1) 2 important aims are (i) global co-operation (https://www.alphacollaboration.com/) to identify core Participant-Intervention-Comparator-Outcome questions for trials assessing mortality, a key outcome, and (ii) to answer those questions in much larger, faster trials. Such trials will also yield much more precise estimates of disability in survivors than was previously typical - a major benefit. Method: To inform these aims we compared enrolment in 2 COVID-19 trials and in 10 trials by IMPACT collaborators with samples >1,500 in high- or low-or-middle-income countries (HIC/LMIC). Results: The COVID-19 trials took 3-9 months, enrolling 13 - 219 per-site-per-year. Perinatal trials took 16-86 months, enrolling 5 - 1,700 per site per year. Trials in pregnant women or LMIC (n = 53,092) enrolled 5 times more than trials in newborns or restricted to HIC (n = 9,014). (Table) Conclusions: Greater international collaboration could resolve questions of shared relevance and priority more rapidly. Megatrials addressing mortality may benefit from highly streamlined processes for enrolment and minimal data collection, e.g., RECOVERY's one-page outcome form.

TGF-Β2 IS ASSOCIATED with ASYMPTOMATIC/MILD SARS-CoV-2 INFECTION during PREGNANCY

Background: COVID-19 has been a devastating disease and a major public health concern mainly to susceptible populations. Methods: We accessed two groups of pregnant women at the time of delivery: SARS-CoV2 active infection and convalescents. To investigate the factors contributing to COVID19 severity we have assessed several immunological parameters including cytokines/chemokine levels in the maternal and cord blood plasma. We have evaluated 33 cytokines. Our findings were validated in vitro in HTBE (Human tracheobronchial epithelial) cells infected with live SARS-COV2 (wild type). Results: Our cohort was enriched in high-risk subjects, including African American and obese women. Only 6% had severe or critical disease, contrasting with the 20-25% reported in some pregnant cohorts. TGFb2 levels were significantly associated with asymptomatic/mild disease in both active and convalescent cohorts, and inversely correlated with IP10, IL6 and IL8, known to be part of the cytokine storm post-infection. Pre-treatment of HTBE with TGFb2 for 48 hours led to a significant decay in viral loads at 72h post-infection. This control was associated with significantly higher IL-6 (IFNb2) levels prior to infection, and significantly higher expression of anti-viral genes at 72h pi (MX1, IFNA1, IFNA2, IFNL1, STAT1). Additionally, TGFb2 pre-treatment suppressed the expression of the cytokines IP-10, IL1b and IL8. Conclusion: Altogether this data suggested that TGFB2 plays a protective role in SARS-COV2 infection in this high-risk population by improving epithelial cells intrinsic antiviral function and by modulating the expression of the cytokines associated to the heightened inflammation in severe cases.

Covid 19 Vaccination Status, Hesitancy and Barriers;A Multicenter Study of Medical Students from Pakistan

Introduction: The key factor to fight with COVID-19 is vaccination for the development of which global stakeholders allocated huge resources. But at the same time many conspiracies arose and a phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy also developed which is restricting a large no of population to be vaccinated. The current study was designed to find out vaccination status of medical students and their families, vaccine hesitancy and barriers they faced in convincing their families to be vaccinated. Methods: Around 1400 students of 4th year and 5th year from 8 medical colleges of Punjab province were invited to participate in this online survey. This Validated Questionnaire consisted of three parts, demographic information, vaccination status and barriers for vaccination. Results: Out of 522 participants, 41.1% were males and 58.6% were females. The mean age of the participants was 22.33 ±1.17 SD. An encouraging finding is that majority of medical students were vaccinated (91%, n=475). Same is the case with their nuclear family members. Majority of medical students have at least tried to convince their family members for vaccination (80%). A significant proportion of participants experienced barriers to convince their nuclear and extended family members. Among these, serious complications/death, clotting episodes, may inject something in body to be controlled by others in future were mention worthy. The phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy is impeding the people from COVID-19 vaccination. Steps must be taken at all levels to curb this cumbersome conspiracy. So, the fantasy of bringing this global calamity to an end could be fulfilled. Conclusion: The study concludes that a significant number of medical students got vaccinated and also tried to convince their nuclear and extended families. However, the phenomenon of vaccine hesitancy is impeding the drive for mass vaccination. Apart from the interventions at multiple levels, medical students must be encouraged and directed to play their role for community awareness.

IMMUNOGENICITY AND SAFETY OF INACTIVATED SARS--COV--2 VACCINE ((VERO CELL)),, BBIBP--CORV ((SINOPHARM));;AN OBSERVATIONAL STUDY FROM PAKISTAN

Objective: To ascertain the immunogenicity and short-term safety of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (Vero Cell), BBIBP-CorV (Sinopharm) in our setup. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Combined Military Hospital Sialkot Pakistan, from Feb to Apr 2021. Methodology: A total of 227 health care workers (HCWs) between 18 to 59 years of age were included in the study. Two doses of Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (Vero Cell), BBIBP-CorV were administered to all individuals 21 days apart and they were monitored for any vaccine-related adverse reactions for 7 days after each dose. Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) in study subjects were detected in three samples i.e. before 1st dose of vaccine, 21 days after 1st dose and 14 days after 2nd dose by Elecsys Anti- SARS-CoV-2 S (Roche Diagnostics). Results: Mean age of individuals in the study was 36.70 ± 18.08 years and most individuals were in the 31-45 years age group. Fatigue and drowsiness were the most common adverse effects experienced by study subjects after 1st and 2nd dose of the vaccine followed by malaise and headache. Only 42 (39%) individuals developed positive neutralizing antibody titers in a sample taken 21 days after 1st dose while all individuals except one (99%) developed positive neutralizing antibody titers in a sample taken 2 weeks after 2nd vaccine dose. Conclusion: Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (Vero Cell), BBIBP-CorV is safe and well-tolerated with very few adverse reactions. Immunogenicity was well achieved as the seroconversion rate was 99% two weeks after 2nd dose of the vaccine. © 2021, Army Medical College. All rights reserved.

Relevance of Integrated Air, Soil and Water Research Studies for the New Millennia

Our ecosystems are facing changes at a local and global scale because of human interventions. These transformations are a result of drastic urbanization, rapid industrialization, and natural resources exploitation to provide livelihoods and commodities for the increasing population. Recent global events such as the COVID-19 pandemic or cross-bordering conflicts are not delaying these changes. To understand these changes, increasing efforts of the scientific community to find sustainable solutions is vital as it is consistent financial support from governments and scientific agencies. Air, Soil and Water Research (ASW) Editorial Board envision multidisciplinary and transversal research as an interesting strategy to develop knowledge and useful datasets which can directly benefit society through efficient land management plans.

Complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise integrating feedforward neural network for tourist arrival forecasting

The tourism sector has an important role in helping the income of a region, especially for economic development and opportunities to expand employment. However, the trend tourist arrival to these tourist attractions has decreased since the COVID-19 pandemic. The government enforces a new normal policy to reopen tourist attractions by implementing health protocols. Local governments and tourism managers need forecasting of tourist arrivals to help plan the tourism sector in the future and anticipate an increase in tourist arrival. Most tourist arrivals are influenced by several factors, such as : seasonality, politics, disasters, crises, and other important events. One method to accommodate these factors is using Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD). However, EEMD still produces a mixing mode during decomposition. Complete Ensemble Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise (CEEMDAN) is proposed to overcome the weaknesses of EEMD. This research integrates CEEMDAN with Feedforward Neural Network (FNN) in generating forecasts. The experiment results show that the integration of CEEMDAN and FNN can produce good forecasting accuracy.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on psychological wellbeing of Oncology clinicians in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region.

OBJECTIVE: The reorganization of cancer services and the increased work burden on health care providers during the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to be associated with significant negative psychological impact. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on the psychological well-being of oncology clinicians in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We randomly invited 1500 oncology clinicians including medical oncologists, clinical oncologists, radiation oncologists and surgical oncologists from 17 countries in the MENA region to complete a web-based survey to determine the level of psychological stress during the COVID-19 pandemic from October 2020 to January 2021. The questionnaire was based on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorders Scale (GAD-7) and WHO Well-being Index (WHO-5). The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and the difference between groups was measured by t-test and ANOVA. RESULTS: Overall, 520 (35%) clinicians including 368 (71%) males and 152 (29%) females participated in the survey with 247 (47%) participants between the ages of 36 to 45 years. Average score of 29.6 for males and 30.2 on PSS-10, indicative of high-perceived stress in both the genders. Compared to males, females had significantly higher anxiety levels on GAD-7 scale (p=.04), but this difference in stress level and well-being was not observed on PSS-10 (p=.134) and WHO -5 well-being index (p=.709). Clinicians of age 25-35 years had significantly higher anxiety levels on GAD-7 scale (p=.004) and higher stress on PSS (p=.000) as compared to other age groups. Age over 55 years was associated with lower levels of anxiety and stress on GAD-7 and PSS. Oncology clinicians working in public sector experienced significantly lower stress as compared to private sector on PSS scale (p=.041). CONCLUSIONS: Anxiety and stress levels among oncology clinicians have significantly increased in COVID-19 pandemic in the MENA region. Females and young clinicians had higher anxiety and stress, while oncology clinicians over the age of 55 years and working in the public sector reported less stress and anxiety. The general wellbeing of clinicians was well preserved even in a highly stressful and anxious situation.

COVID-19 IN ISLAMIC THEOLOGY AND ITS IMPACT ON SOCIO-RELIGIOUS AFFAIRS IN INDONESIA

The Covid-19 pandemic is a phenomenal discourse that captures the world's attention in various dimensions, such as the medical, scientific, student, economic, politic, psychological and theological community. In the Islamic theology realm it is generally viewed with a different focus than other approaches and the most striking aspect is the involvement in the areas of destiny, gratitude, endeavour, worship, prayer and trust. Consequently, this study uses a qualitative approach, as discussing theological issues is an area of thought that cannot be oriented in exact terms. It also uses the phenomenological method by comparing data on Islamic theology and Covid-19 variables. This approach is considered relevant because of the pandemic field events that occur extremely and sustainably. The primary data source in this study is the literacy of internationally indexed scientific journals, while the secondary source is scientific journals set in Indonesia and its surroundings. Subsequently, the results conclude that Islamic theology examines the Covid-19 pandemic with various dimensions. First, the concept of the religion in response to the plague during the time of the Prophet, and second, spiritual immunity as a surplus from preventing exposure to Covid-19. The third view refers to the dimension of wisdom and effort from the existence of the pandemic, while the fourth discusses the friction between government policies and religious leaders affecting the socio-religious community.

Impact of COVID 19 pandemic on psychological wellbeing of oncology clinicians in MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region

Background: Cancer care has been severely affected by covid 19 pandemic leading to medical, ethical and organizational issues. Oncology healthcare professionals face challenges due to reorganization of cancer services and increasing health care requirements resulting in uncertainty and psychological stress. Aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of covid 19 pandemic on psychological well being of oncology clinicians in the MENA region. Methods: We randomly invited 1500 oncology clinicians including medical oncologists, clinical oncologists, radiation oncologists and surgical oncologists from 17 countries in the MENA region to complete a web based survey to determine the level of psychological stress during covid 19 pandemic from October 2020 to January 2021. The questionnaire was based on Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Generalized Anxiety Disorders Scale (GAD-7) and WHO Well-being Index (WHO-5). The data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and difference between groups was measured by T-test and ANOVA. Results:Overall 520 (35%) oncology clinicians including 368 (71%) males and 152 (29%) females participated in the survey. Most of the participants were medical oncologists (38%) from teaching institutions (76%) and the public sector (84%). 46% (n = 242) participants were 35- 45 years of age. Majority of clinicians reported moderate (45.6%) to severe (42.3%) anxiety on GAD-7 scale. Females had statistically higher levels of anxiety (average score;15.46 ±4.87, p = 0.04). On PSS, the majority of participants reported higher stress with average scores (29.64 ±3.83) for males and (30.23 ±4.62) for females. Average score for WHO wellbeing index was 62.95 (±20.52) for males and 74.3 (±20.87) for females denoting a preservation of general well being, even in a higher stress and anxiety situation. Female gender was significantly associated with anxiety level on GAD- 7 scale (p = 0.04), but this difference in stress level and well being was not observed on PSS (p = 0.134) and WHO well being index (p = 0.709). Clinicians of ages 25-35 years had significantly higher anxiety levels on GAD-7 scale (p = 0.004) and higher stress on PSS (p = 0.000). Age over 55 years was associated with lower levels of anxiety and stress on GAD-7 and PSS. Oncology clinicians working in public sector experienced significantly lower stress as compared to private sector on PSS scale (p = 0.041) Conclusions: Covid 19 pandemic has significantly increased the anxiety and stress levels among oncology clinicians in the MENA region. Anxiety and stress were higher in females and young clinicians. Clinicians over 55 years of age and oncologists working in the public sector reported less stress and anxiety. General well being of clinicians was well preserved even in a highly stressful and anxious situation.

Association between climatic conditions, population density and covid-19 in indonesia

The first emergence of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) confirmed cases found in Wuhan, China, has become a global crisis. At least 177 countries have been affected over 43,000,000 confirmed cases of corona positive and more than one million deaths until October 27th, 2020. Recent research has analyzed any possible factors causing the COVID-19 spreads were climate factors and population density. Indonesia was a tropical region known as the high-populated country in the World, with a 52.9% area with a high mean air temperature and over 267.7 million populations. Our study aims to analyze the correlation between climate, population density, and COVID-19 in Indonesia. We used the K-means cluster method and Fisher's exact test to determine climatic conditions, population density, and COVID-19 clusters and study the correlation. Our research found that there is a correlation between climatic conditions and population density with COVID-19 (p: 0,034;p:0,004). Warmer climate conditions and densely populated regions contributed to the risen COVID-19 transmission in Indonesia. These are highlighted by the evidence of the top six provinces with highest COVID-19 cases are province classified in warmer climatic conditions (high air temperature, low rainfall, and humidity) and a fairly-dense to densely populated region. © 2021 Penerbit Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. All rights reserved.

2021: The New Normal and the Air, Soil and Water Research Perspective

With over 64.1 million cases worldwide (by December 1, 2020) and a death toll surpassing 1.48 million the COVID-19 pandemics has filled not only with fear and isolation our day-to-day lives but also with a significant amount of disinformation, the unreliability of data, and lack of trust on the response of governmental officers and authorities that, sadly, can be translated in loss of lives in our closest circles (colleagues, friends, family). At Air, Soil and Water Research (ASW), we believe that knowledge is the only way out of this and any other crisis faced by humankind, and our team has been working elbow-to-elbow (but online) to offer the best quality research and scientific knowledge that will certainly assist for better decision making and led towards the best path to get us through this so hard time. © The Author(s) 2021.

Knowledge and awareness of the novel coronavirus disease (covid-19) pandemic among egyptian population

On 11 March 2020, WHO declared the novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) a pandemic disease worldwide. With the rapid spread of COVID-19, Egyptians are at a high risk of being infected, as it is the most populous country in the Middle East and North Africa region. The aim of the present study was to assess the knowledge and awareness of Egyptians towards COVID-19. A nationwide cross-sectional study was performed among the general sample of the Egyptian population. One thousand one hundred fifteen individuals participated in the survey with gender distribution of 625 males and 490 females. Descriptive analysis was used to describe the study findings. Most respondents 715 (64.1%) acknowledged that COVID-19 was a serious disease and the majority of them had a good to fair knowledge 1096 (98.3%) about COVID-19. Nasal droplets and touching surfaces were suggested to be the common modes of transmission 1099 (98.6%). Most respondents correctly identified the symptoms of COVID-19 of fever, dry cough and dyspnea. The main sources of information obtained from social media 979 (87.8%), radio-television 611 (54.8%) and Ministry of Health 568 (50.9%). However, only 144 (12.9%) of participants trusted information posted on social media, 605 (54.3%) to some extent while 366 (32.8%) didn't. Despite many participants understood the precautionary measures, but they were unsatisfactory 796 (71.4%) with the public's behavior of obeying the national procedures. The surveyed Egyptians had a good knowledge of COVID-19 and an acceptable understanding of the precautionary measures taken by the government. However, strict national procedures are further needed to enforce such measures to combat the disease. © 2020 Assiut University. All rights reserved.